1. 聚合函数

使用aggregate()过滤器调用聚合函数。聚合函数包括：Avg平均，Count数量，Max最大，Min最小，Sum求和，被定义在django.db.models中。

例：查询图书的总阅读量。

>>> from django.db.models import Sum
>>> BookInfo.objects.aggregate(Sum('readcount'))
{'readcount__sum': 126}

注意aggregate的返回值是一个字典类型，格式如下：

  {'属性名__聚合类小写':值}

  如:{'readcount__sum': 126}

使用count时一般不使用aggregate()过滤器。

例：查询图书总数。

BookInfo.objects.count()

注意count函数的返回值是一个数字。

2. 排序

使用order_by对结果进行排序

# 默认升序
>>> BookInfo.objects.all().order_by('readcount')
<QuerySet [<BookInfo: 射雕英雄传>, <BookInfo: 笑傲江湖>, <BookInfo: 天龙八部>, <BookInfo: 雪山飞狐>]>


# 降序
>>> BookInfo.objects.all().order_by('-readcount')
<QuerySet [<BookInfo: 雪山飞狐>, <BookInfo: 天龙八部>, <BookInfo: 笑傲江湖>, <BookInfo: 射雕英雄传>]>

import os
import sys


if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "bookmanager00.settings")
    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError:
        # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
        # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
        # exceptions on Python 2.
        try:
            import django
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
                "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
                "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
            )
        raise
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)